Hāʻawi ke kila kila i nā pono waiwai he nui i nā ʻano hana ʻoihana like ʻole, akā hiki i ke ʻano hana mīkini i koho ʻia ke hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi a me ka pono o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai kēia metala maʻalahi.
Ke loiloi nei kēia ʻatikala i ke kumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila ma nā ʻano ʻāpana a me nā ʻākoakoa like ʻole, a nānā i ke kuleana o ke kālai ʻana photochemical ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hana e hiki ai ke hana i nā huahana hoʻohana hope loa hou a me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.
No ke aha e koho ai i ke kila kila? ʻO ke kila kila he kila palupalu me ka nui o ka chromium he 10% a ʻoi aku paha (ma ke kaumaha). ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka chromium e hāʻawi i ke kila i kona mau waiwai kila kila kū hoʻokahi, kūpaʻa i ka pala. ʻO ka nui o ka chromium o ke kila e ʻae i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni chromium oxide paʻa, paʻa, ʻike ʻole ʻia, kūpaʻa i ka pala ma luna o ka ʻili kila. Inā hōʻino ʻia ma ke ʻano mechanical a i ʻole kemika, hiki i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni ke hoʻoponopono iā ia iho, inā loaʻa ka oxygen (ʻoiai ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa).
Hoʻonui ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala a me nā waiwai pono ʻē aʻe o ke kila ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka chromium a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka molybdenum, nickel a me ka nitrogen.
He nui nā pono o ke kila kila. ʻO ka mea mua, kūpaʻa ka mea i ka pala, a ʻo chromium ka mea hoʻohuihui e hāʻawi ana i ke kila kila i kēia ʻano. Kūʻē nā pae haʻahaʻa-alloy i ka pala i nā wahi lewa a me ka wai maʻemaʻe; kūʻē nā pae kiʻekiʻe-alloy i ka pala i ka hapa nui o nā hopena waikawa, alkaline, a me nā wahi i loaʻa ka chlorine, e hoʻolilo ana i ko lākou waiwai i mea pono i nā mea hana hana.
ʻO nā papa kūikawā kiʻekiʻe chromium a me ka nickel alloy e kūʻē i ka scaling a mālama i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila kila i nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā superheaters, nā paila, nā mea hoʻomehana wai hānai, nā valves a me nā piping mainstream, a me nā noi mokulele a me nā aerospace.
He mea nui nō hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi ʻia o ke kila kila ua lilo ia i koho mua no nā kūlana maʻemaʻe koʻikoʻi e like me nā haukapila, nā lumi kuke a me nā hale hana meaʻai, a ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻālohilohi maʻalahi o ke kila kila e hāʻawi i kahi hiʻohiʻona hou a nani.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kumukūʻai, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā kumukūʻai mea hana a me ka hana ʻana a me nā kumukūʻai pōʻaiapuni ola, ʻo ke kila kila ka mea koho mea makepono loa a hiki ke hana hou ʻia he 100%, e hoʻopau ana i ke ola holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā "hui etch" micro-metal i kālai ʻia me ke ʻano photochemical (me HP Etch a me Etchform) e etch i nā ʻano metala like ʻole me ka pololei i kūlike ʻole ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā pepa i hana ʻia a me nā foil mai 0.003 a 2000 µm. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kila kila ke koho mua no nā mea kūʻai aku o ka hui ma muli o kona versatility, ka nui o nā papa i loaʻa, ka nui o nā alloys pili, nā waiwai mea maikaʻi (e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma luna), a me ka nui o nā hoʻopau. ʻO ia ka metala i koho ʻia no nā noi he nui ma nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole, kūikawā i ka mīkini ʻana 1.4310: (AISI 301), 1.4404: (AISI 316L), 1.4301: (AISI 304) a me nā micro-metals o nā metala austenitic kaulana, nā ferritic like ʻole, ma Tensitic (1.4028 Mo/7C27Mo2) a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kila duplex, Invar a me Alloy 42.
ʻO ke kālai ʻana Photochemical (ka wehe koho ʻana i ka metala ma o kahi pale maka photoresist e hana i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī) he nui nā pono kūlohelohe ma mua o nā ʻano hana hana metala pepa kuʻuna. ʻO ka mea nui loa, hana ke kālai ʻana photochemical i nā ʻāpana me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mea no ka mea ʻaʻohe wela a ikaika paha i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. Eia kekahi, hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke hana i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī loa ma muli o ka wehe like ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāpana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kemika etchant.
ʻO nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kālai ʻana he kikohoʻe a he aniani paha, no laila ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻomaka e ʻoki i nā ʻōmole kila pipiʻi a paʻakikī ke hoʻokomo. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka nui o nā huahana me ka ʻole o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i nā mea hana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ua like nā ʻāpana mua a me ka miliona i hana ʻia.
Hiki ke hoʻololi a hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hana kikohoʻe a me ke aniani me ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokele waiwai (ʻo ka maʻamau i loko o hoʻokahi hola), e kūpono ai lākou no ka prototyping a me nā holo hana nui. ʻAe kēia i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā "ʻaʻohe pilikia" me ka ʻole o ka pohō kālā. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka manawa hoʻololi he 90% wikiwiki ma mua o nā ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia, kahi e koi ai i kahi hoʻopukapuka kālā nui ma mua i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana.
Nā Pale, Nā Kānana, Nā Pale a me nā Piʻo Hiki i ka ʻoihana ke kālai i nā ʻano ʻāpana kila kila e like me nā pale, nā kānana, nā pale, nā pūnāwai pālahalaha a me nā pūnāwai piʻo.
Pono nā kānana a me nā kānana i nā ʻāpana ʻoihana he nui, a koi pinepine nā mea kūʻai aku i nā palena o ka paʻakikī a me ka pololei loa. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana etching photochemical o ka micrometal e hana i nā ʻano kānana a me nā pale no ka ʻoihana petrochemical, ka ʻoihana meaʻai, ka ʻoihana lapaʻau a me ka ʻoihana kaʻa (hoʻohana ʻia nā kānana photoetched i nā ʻōnaehana injection wahie a me nā hydraulics ma muli o ko lākou ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe). Ua hoʻomohala ʻo micrometal i kāna ʻenehana etching photochemical e ʻae i ka kaohi pololei o ke kaʻina hana etching ma 3 mau ana. Hoʻomaʻalahi kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā geometries paʻakikī a, i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai i ka hana ʻana o nā grids a me nā sieves, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i nā manawa alakaʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā a me nā ʻano aperture like ʻole i loko o hoʻokahi grid me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumukūʻai.
ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano hana mīkini kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻalea o ke kālai ʻana photochemical i ka hana ʻana i nā stencils lahilahi a pololei, nā kānana a me nā sieve.
ʻO ka wehe like ʻana o ka metala i ka wā e kālai ʻia ai e hiki ai ke hoʻohui ʻia nā geometries lua he nui me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai mea hana pipiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​kumukūʻai mīkini, a ʻaʻohe burr a me ke kaumaha ʻole nā ​​​​​​meshes photo-etched me ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mea kahi e maʻalahi ai nā papa perforated i ka deformation ʻole.
ʻAʻole hoʻololi ke kālai ʻana photochemical i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili o ka mea e hana ʻia nei a ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka metala-i-metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​kumu wela e hoʻololi i nā waiwai o ka ʻili. ʻO ka hopena, hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke hāʻawi i kahi hoʻopau kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe ma ke kila kila, e kūpono ai no nā noi hoʻonaninani.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana kila kila i kālai ʻia me ka photochemically i nā noi palekana koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​noi kaiapuni koʻikoʻi - e like me nā ʻōnaehana braking ABS a me nā ʻōnaehana injection wahie - a hiki ke "kūlou" pono ʻia ke kūlou i kālai ʻia i nā miliona miliona mau manawa no ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻololi ke kaʻina hana i ka ikaika luhi o ke kila. ʻO nā ʻano hana mīkini ʻē aʻe e like me ka machining a me ke alahele e waiho pinepine i nā burrs liʻiliʻi a me nā papa hana hou e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana puna.
Hoʻopau ke kālai ʻana photochemical i nā wahi haki hiki ke loaʻa i ka ʻano o ka mea, e hana ana i ka pelu ʻana o ka papa burr-free a me ka recast, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke ola lōʻihi o ka huahana a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Loaʻa i ke kila a me ke kila kila ʻole nā ​​​​waiwai like ʻole e kūpono ai no nā noi pan-ʻoihana he nui. ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia he mea maʻalahi e hana ma o nā ʻano hana hana metala pepa kuʻuna, hāʻawi ka etching photochemical i nā mea hana i nā pono koʻikoʻi i ka wā e hana ai i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī a palekana.
ʻAʻole pono ke kālai ʻana i nā mea hana paʻakikī, ʻae i ka hana wikiwiki mai ka prototype a i ka hana nui, hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana palena ʻole, hana i nā ʻāpana burr- a me ke kaumaha ʻole, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka metala a me nā waiwai, hana ma nā ʻano kila āpau, a hiki i ka pololei o ± 0.025 mm, ʻo nā manawa alakaʻi āpau i nā lā, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mahina.
ʻO ka versatility o ke kaʻina hana etching photochemical e lilo ia i koho hoihoi no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila kila ma nā noi koʻikoʻi he nui, a hoʻoulu i ka hana hou i ka wā e wehe ai i nā pale i loko o nā ʻano hana hana pepa metala kuʻuna no nā ʻenekinia hoʻolālā.
He mea ia me nā ʻano metala a i loko o ia mea ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā mea kemika, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea he metala.
ʻO ka ʻāpana filamentous o ka mea i hana ʻia ma ka lihi o kahi ʻāpana hana i ka wā o ka mīkini ʻana. ʻOi pinepine. Hiki ke wehe ʻia me nā faila lima, nā huila wili a i ʻole nā ​​​​kāʻei, nā huila uea, nā pulumu fiber abrasive, nā lako jet wai, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hiki o kahi mea hao a mea paha ke kū'ē i ka popo a me ka pala. ʻO kēia nā waiwai o ka nickel a me ka chromium i hana ʻia i loko o nā mea hao e like me ke kila kila.
He hanana e hopena ai i ka haki ma lalo o ke kaumaha pinepine a i ʻole ka loli ʻana me ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa ma lalo o ka ikaika tensile o ka mea. He holomua ka haki luhi, e hoʻomaka ana me nā māwae liʻiliʻi e ulu ana ma lalo o ke kaumaha loli.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui loa e hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hāʻule ʻana no kahi helu kikoʻī o nā pōʻaiapuni, ke ʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻohuli piha ʻia ke koʻikoʻi i loko o kēlā me kēia pōʻaiapuni.
ʻO kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana e hana ʻia ai ka metala a mīkini ʻia paha e hāʻawi i kahi ʻāpana hana i kahi ʻano hou. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo e komo pū me nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka mālama wela, ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mea a me ka nānā ʻana.
Loaʻa i ke kila kila ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela, ka mīkini maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻehā mau māhele laulā e uhi i nā ʻano waiwai mechanical a me ke kino no nā noi kikoʻī. ʻO nā papa ʻehā: CrNiMn 200 series a me CrNi 300 series austenitic type; chromium martensitic type, hardenable 400 series; chromium, non-hardenable 400 series ferritic type; Precipitation-hardenable chromium-nickel alloys me nā mea hou aʻe no ka mālama ʻana i ka hopena a me ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka makahiki.
I loko o kahi hoʻāʻo tensile, ʻo ka lakio o ka ukana kiʻekiʻe loa i ka ʻāpana ʻāpana mua. Kāhea ʻia hoʻi ka ikaika hope loa. Hoʻohālikelike me ka ikaika hua.